Search results for "Thyroid Gland"
showing 10 items of 98 documents
Normal vs cancer thyroid stem cells: the road to transformation
2015
Recent investigations in thyroid carcinogenesis have led to the isolation and characterisation of a subpopulation of stem-like cells, responsible for tumour initiation, progression and metastasis. Nevertheless, the cellular origin of thyroid cancer stem cells (SCs) remains unknown and it is still necessary to define the process and the target population that sustain malignant transformation of tissue-resident SCs or the reprogramming of a more differentiated cell. Here, we will critically discuss new insights into thyroid SCs as a potential source of cancer formation in light of the available information on the oncogenic role of genetic modifications that occur during thyroid cancer develop…
Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and thyroid function in pregnant women and children: A systematic review of epidemiologic studies
2017
Introduction: Thyroid hormones (THs) are especially important for brain maturation and development during the fetal period and childhood. Several epidemiological studies have assessed the possible association between exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and thyroid outcomes during the early stages of life. We aimed to review this evidence. Methods: We conducted a systematic review in compliance with the PRISMA Statement (search conducted in PubMed and Embase, as well as in the citations of the selected articles). We chose studies if they dealt with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxin (T4), or thyroid dysfunctions, and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS),…
Gene Expression (mRNA) Markers for Differentiating between Malignant and Benign Follicular Thyroid Tumours
2017
Distinguishing between follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) and follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA) constitutes a long-standing diagnostic problem resulting in equivocal histopathological diagnoses. There is therefore a need for additional molecular markers. To identify molecular differences between FTC and FTA, we analyzed the gene expression microarray data of 52 follicular neoplasms. We also performed a meta-analysis involving 14 studies employing high throughput methods (365 follicular neoplasms analyzed). Based on these two analyses, we selected 18 genes differentially expressed between FTA and FTC. We validated them by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in an independe…
Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase Expression in Papillary Thyroid Cancer Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Modulates Cancer Cell Growth and Migration
2017
AbstractTumor stroma-secreted growth factors, cytokines, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) influence tumor development from early stages to the metastasis phase. Previous studies have demonstrated downregulation of ROS-producing extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) in thyroid cancer cell lines although according to recent data, the expression of SOD3 at physiological levels stimulates normal and cancer cell proliferation. Therefore, to analyze the expression of SOD3 in tumor stroma, we characterized stromal cells from the thyroid. We report mutually exclusive desmoplasia and inflammation in papillary and follicular thyroid cancers and the presence of multipotent mesenchymal stem/stroma…
A cyclic peptide significantly improves thyroid function, thyrotropin-receptor antibodies and orbital mucine /collagen content in a long-term Graves’…
2021
BALB/c mice which received long-term immunizations of adenovirus (Ad) expressing thyrotropin receptor A-subunits (TSHR) developed stable Graves' disease (GD). TSHR-derived cyclic peptide 19 (P19) was identified as effective therapy in this model.In Ad-TSHR mice, we investigated shorter disease intervals up to 4 months for histological alterations of the orbits, fine tuning of anti-TSHR antibodies (Ab) and free thyroxine (fT4) hormone levels by using novel detection methods in an independent laboratory. Therapy (0.3 mg/kg P19 or vehicle) was given intravenously after the fourth Ad-TSHR immunization (week 11) and continued until week 19.Thyrotropin binding inhibitory immunoglobulins (TBII, br…
Fine-needle biopsy of parathyroid adenomas
1986
High-resolution real-time sonography was performed in 15 cases of clinically and chemically suspected primary hyperparathyroidism and in 20 patients with different thyroid nodules. The suspected enlarged parathyroid glands and the thyroid nodules were percutaneously punctured under sonographic control. Concentrations of parathyroid hormone, human thyroglobulin, and human calcitonin were measured in the aspirate, and immunocytology was performed. The mean concentration of the aspirated parathyroid hormone in the parathyroid glands was 4,013.6 pmol/l +/- 4,519 (SD) as compared with 14.9 pmol/l +/- 8.7 in the thyroid nodules. Thyroglobulin was present in the aspirated fluid of parathyroid aden…
Leukocyte migration test (LMT) in patients with thyroid disease: the response to human thyroid subcellular fractions.
1981
The response of circulating leukocytes to thyroid subcellular fractions was investigated in 19 patients with Graves' disease, 15 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 7 patients with toxic adenoma, 19 patients with nontoxic goiter and in 10 healthy students as control subjects. For this purpose, the leukocyte migration test of Soborg and Bendixen was performed against human crude thyroid extract (CTE), cell plasma membranes, nuclei, ribosomes, mitochondria and microsomes. Our results show positive LMT against: 1) CTE in patients with Graves' disease (61 +/- 13, p less than 0.001) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (65 +/- 11, p less than 0.001) compared to controls (90 +/- 11); 2) cell plasma mem…
An in vitro model for the study of human parathyroid gland tissue: Single cell suspensions and monolayer cultures
1982
An in vitro model for studies of parathyroid physiology is described using single cell suspensions and adherent monolayer cultures of human parathyroid tissue. The isolated cells were viable and maintained functional properties tested by calcium and magnesium sensitivity. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion could be suppressed by rising calcium and magnesium concentrations. The secretory behaviour of the cells was not altered by cultivation or cryopreservation. The morphological integrity of the individual cells after mechanical and enzymatic preparation was confirmed by light and electron microscopy.
Myxoid lipoadenorna of the parathyroid gland
1980
A myxoid lipoadenoma of the parathyroid gland causing primary hyperparathyroidism is reported. The very rare and histologically unusual tumor consists of an epithelial component which is combined with a stromal component in a characteristic way. Slender, irregularly branched trabeculae which mainly consist of chief cells as well as a few oxyphil cells are found as epithelial component. The predominantly myxomatous and only focally lipomatous stromal component is interpreted as an integrated tumor component of the lipoadenoma which is derived from the parathyroid adipose tissue.
Integration of a radiation biomarker into modeling of thyroid carcinogenesis and post-Chernobyl risk assessment
2016
Strong evidence for the statistical association between radiation exposure and disease has been produced for thyroid cancer by epidemiological studies after the Chernobyl accident. However, limitations of the epidemiological approach in order to explore health risks especially at low doses of radiation appear obvious. Statistical fluctuations due to small case numbers dominate the uncertainty of risk estimates. Molecular radiation markers have been searched extensively to separate radiation-induced cancer cases from sporadic cases. The overexpression of the CLIP2 gene is the most promising of these markers. It was found in the majority of papillary thyroid cancers (PTCs) from young patients…